The founders intended to study diseases epidemiologically, and wanted in particular to combat the yellow fever epidemic prevalent at the time. It was started by Elihu Hubbard Smith (1771-1798), Samuel Latham Mitchell (1764-1831), and Edward Miller (1760-1812). The Medical Repository was the first medical journal published in the United States. Philosophical Transactions has the distinction of being the world’s longest-running scientific journal. In 1887 Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society divided into two separate publications, one concentrating on the biological sciences and one on the physical sciences, both of which continue to publish monthly. In 1705 the Society began publishing a series of abstracts, accumulating the work in special fields. Other notable contributors included not only Charles Darwin, Michael Faraday, William Herschel, and Edmund Halley but also physicians William Cowper, William Cheselden, Charles Bell, and Joseph Lister. For example, Robert Hooke, scientist and microscopist, submitted papers on astronomy, geology, architecture, and microscopy. Early contributors often offered papers covering a variety of interests. Isaac Newton had seventeen papers published, beginning with his “New Theory about Light and Colours,” which launched his scientific career in 1672. Philosophical Transactions covered various scientific topics and published the work of many celebrated names in science and medicine. The Becker Library’s Rare Medical Periodicals Collection includes almost 350 titles and over 11,000 volumes, dating from the late 17th century to the 20th century. By 1800, about thirty scientific and medical journals had been established. medical journal, the Medical Repository, was printed in New York City. Just three months later the first English scientific journal, Philosophical Transactions, began monthly publication. The French Le Journal des Sçavans, generally cited as the first scientific journal, debuted in January 1665. Scientific journals provided the means to record and disseminate information, news, and knowledge among the societies’ members in a timely manner. These networks grew into the formalized academies and societies of the latter part of the century. In the early 17th century scientists created informal networks in which to exchange and further knowledge, mostly through correspondence. Scientific and medical periodicals began to appear in the late 17th century as a consequence of the development of newspapers – the increasingly common means of disseminating current information to a large, geographically dispersed audience – coinciding with the establishment and development of scientific and medical societies. Plate from the French journal, Archives générales de médecine, which began publication in 1823.
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